While the amniotic membrane has received the most attention as a regenerative therapy, we’re learning that amniotic fluid is equally as beneficial. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a well-known ECM component, but it’s also found in high concentrations in amniotic fluid, where it increases the fluid viscosity and supports fetal movement. HA-mediated signaling is thought to be the reason why fetal wounds lack fibrous scarring, and when HA is applied to fresh wounds in adults, they heal with less scarring. In addition, amniotic fluid contains numerous growth factors and proteins that have been shown to improve bone healing, regenerate nervous tissue, and prevent fibrogenesis.

Flowable amniotic tissue allografts have recently been evaluated as a treatment option for several challenging conditions, with impressive results. For example, intra-articular injection of cryopreserved human amniotic suspension allografts was shown to reduce pain and improve joint function in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. In another study, injected amniotic allografts improved symptoms of plantar fasciitis. A third study showed that local injection of amniotic tissue promoted peripheral nerve regeneration and ameliorated peripheral neuropathy.